On Sun, 23 Dec 2018 11:21:17 -0500, Jason wrote:

When I booted the machine today, one of the disk drives
didn't show up in the configuration. No errors in logs
that I could find. Disk Management didn't list it, but it
was marked "disabled" in the Device Manager. I enabled it
and a message popped up informing me that this usually
was caused by an error condition with the drive. I ran
all the tests and it passed. I've never seen this before.
Was it just a random Windows event or should I begin
shopping for a new drive? It's a spinning drive, not SSD,
and is four years old.

Run Speccy to view the S.M.A.R.T attributes of the drive.

Attribute*name Real value Current Worst Threshold Raw
Value Status
01 Read Error Rate 0 200 200 51 0000000000
Good
03 Spin-Up Time 1575 ms 188 181 21 0000000627
Good
04 Start/Stop Count 2,052 98 98 0 0000000804
Good
05 Reallocated Sectors Count 0 200 200 140
0000000000 Good
07 Seek Error Rate 0 200 200 0 0000000000
Good
09 Power-On Hours (POH) 384d 17h 88 88 0
0000002411 Good
0A Spin Retry Count 0 100 100 0 0000000000
Good
0B Recalibration Retries 0 100 100 0 0000000000
Good
0C Device Power Cycle Count 1,906 99 99 0
0000000772 Good
BF G-sense error rate 195,325 1 1 0 000002FAFD
Good
C0 Power-off Retract Count 76 200 200 0 000000004C
Good
C1 Load/Unload Cycle Count 78,761 174 174 0 00000133A9
Good
C2 Temperature 46 °C 101 92 0 000000002E
Good
C4 Reallocation Event Count 0 200 200 0
0000000000 Good
C5 Current Pending Sector Count 0 200 200 0
0000000000 Good
C6 Uncorrectable Sector Count 0 100 253 0
0000000000 Good
C7 UltraDMA CRC Error Count 0 200 200 0
0000000000 Good
C8 Write Error Rate / Multi-Zone Error Rate 0 100
253 0 0000000000 Good
F0 Head Flying Hours 378d 12h 88 88 0
000000237C Good
F1 Total LBAs Written 30,073,533,668 200 200 0
000085B4E4 Good
F2 Total LBAs Read 48,562,993,743 200 200 0 004E947A4F
Good
FE Free Fall Protection 0 200 200 0 0000000000
Good