Computer Finally Crashed

From: "Mayayana"

| If one expects to use modern software and connect to the Internet, WinXP
is
| now contraindicated and well might as well get used to that fact.

I use this link so much lately I should probably keep it on
my Desktop:

http://www.forbes.com/sites/gordonke...ays-microsoft/

The URL describes the topic.
Safety online is mainly about what you use to connect
and how it's set up. If you don't use IE I don't know
of any disadvantages with XP. You can even run it in
restricted lackey mode if you like, just like Vista/7.
And so far, aside from Microsoft slop like IE, I haven't
come across any software that doesn't support XP.

I'm guessing you probably allow script in your browser?
Maybe even Flash? If so, going online is contraindicated
and you might as well get used to that fact. But if all you
want to do is view your family picture album offline then
your Win7/8 computer is probably OK to use.


There are lies, damn lies,m statistics and benchmarks.

I have heard it all before with Win9x/ME. Just ask 98guy ;-)

--
Dave
Multi-AV Scanning Tool - http://multi-av.thespykiller.co.uk
http://www.pctipp.ch/downloads/dl/35905.asp

From: "Bill in Co"

David H. Lipman wrote:
From: "BillW50"

On 8/16/2014 1:24 PM, David H. Lipman wrote:
From: "J. P. Gilliver (John)"

snip

What part of "Buy a new computer" didn't you understand? (Though in
this case I think it's an over-drastic response to what is probably
just a corrupted file.)

Maybe but since it isn't a new platform and WinXP is a dead OS, it is a
good impetus to move on to Win 7.

XP is dead? It still works like it always did. Oh you mean by Microsoft
stopped providing updates? That doesn't mean anything, this one hasn't
had
any updates for 8 years now. Firefox still updates, Thunderbird still
updates, and Avast is still updating definitions. And all of my
applications still works. So how is that dead?

By the way I also have Windows 7, 8, and 8.1U1 machines and XP is still
my favorite. Trust me, it is far from being dead.

A 1956 Chevy isn't "dead" either but it's not the car one would commute
to
work with.

Why not? It's a classic. The only downside is the gas mileage. I'm
still driving a 1988 Nissan, and wouldn't mind considering a 1956 Chevy!

Well there are a lot of reasons from devaluation from wear and tear to lack
of parts and/or coist of those available.

--
Dave
Multi-AV Scanning Tool - http://multi-av.thespykiller.co.uk
http://www.pctipp.ch/downloads/dl/35905.asp

| There are lies, damn lies,m statistics and benchmarks.
|
| I have heard it all before with Win9x/ME.

You've heard what all before? That an OS might
not be over the hill just because Microsoft wants
to sell you something new? Or that Microsoft themselves
admit their newest product isn't their safest?

I've certainly heard Mcrosoft
misinformation before. When Win98 was going out
of support there were suddenly lots of articles
online about how dangerous Win98 was. Those
articles pointed to a study by a company called
AssetMetrix. It turned out the "study" was basically
just a fancy PDF saying that Win98 wasn't safe
because support was ending. But the media lapdogs
were happy to run the press release for Microsoft.
It also turned out that AssetMetrix was a company
that specialized in updating business computers.
So the study basically said that people should give
them more business. Then awhile later Microsoft
bought AssetMetrix. It's questionable whether they
were even a real company. I'd guess it was probably
a dummy corporation.

It seems like common sense to me that one would
use a tool for as long as it's relevant. Personally I
don't find XP irrelevant yet. Online security is the
least of my worries. The only reason Microsoft support
ending makes a difference is that it might lead to
other companies ending support.

But, it's your money to waste. I just hate to see
people exposed to such fearmongering nonsense who
might not know enough to ignore it.

The other day I saw an "analysis" from Gartner
at the Register that says companies need to start
updating their Windows versions now if they're
still on Win7. In some cases it might even be a bit
late for Win8. They should instead start planning
for the non-existent Win9!
So I guess there are damn lies and business analysts.

On 8/16/2014 5:15 PM, David H. Lipman wrote:
From: "Bill in Co"

David H. Lipman wrote:
From: "BillW50"

On 8/16/2014 1:24 PM, David H. Lipman wrote:
From: "J. P. Gilliver (John)"

snip

What part of "Buy a new computer" didn't you understand? (Though in
this case I think it's an over-drastic response to what is probably
just a corrupted file.)

Maybe but since it isn't a new platform and WinXP is a dead OS, it
is a
good impetus to move on to Win 7.

XP is dead? It still works like it always did. Oh you mean by Microsoft
stopped providing updates? That doesn't mean anything, this one
hasn't had
any updates for 8 years now. Firefox still updates, Thunderbird still
updates, and Avast is still updating definitions. And all of my
applications still works. So how is that dead?

By the way I also have Windows 7, 8, and 8.1U1 machines and XP is
still my favorite. Trust me, it is far from being dead.

A 1956 Chevy isn't "dead" either but it's not the car one would
commute to
work with.

Why not? It's a classic. The only downside is the gas mileage.
I'm still driving a 1988 Nissan, and wouldn't mind considering a 1956
Chevy!

Well there are a lot of reasons from devaluation from wear and tear to
lack of parts and/or coist of those available.

If somebody could create an original Wright Brothers Model B from
scratch, we can create anything. Well ok, they cheated a bit and
purchased an non-running Wright Brothers Model B engine. But you can
purchase all re-manufactured parts to a Model A Ford for example. The
only thing you couldn't was the frame (was it Whitney or JC that had the
rest of them?). I don't understand that one as the frame is easy to
manufacture.

--
Bill
Gateway M465e ('06 era) - Kingston 120GB SSD - Thunderbird v24.4.0
Centrino Core2 Duo T5600 1.83GHz - 4GB - Windows XP SP2

Mayayana wrote:
There are lies, damn lies,m statistics and benchmarks.

I have heard it all before with Win9x/ME.

You've heard what all before? That an OS might
not be over the hill just because Microsoft wants
to sell you something new? Or that Microsoft themselves
admit their newest product isn't their safest?

I've certainly heard Mcrosoft
misinformation before. When Win98 was going out
of support there were suddenly lots of articles
online about how dangerous Win98 was. Those
articles pointed to a study by a company called
AssetMetrix. It turned out the "study" was basically
just a fancy PDF saying that Win98 wasn't safe
because support was ending. But the media lapdogs
were happy to run the press release for Microsoft.
It also turned out that AssetMetrix was a company
that specialized in updating business computers.
So the study basically said that people should give
them more business. Then awhile later Microsoft
bought AssetMetrix. It's questionable whether they
were even a real company. I'd guess it was probably
a dummy corporation.

It seems like common sense to me that one would
use a tool for as long as it's relevant.

+1

But common sense is lacking these days. Why do think we have so many
idiotic lawsuits these days? And the ever increasing and prevalent lack of
personal responsibility? And .. an obesity epidemic? And few nuclear
families anymore?

Personally I
don't find XP irrelevant yet. Online security is the
least of my worries. The only reason Microsoft support
ending makes a difference is that it might lead to
other companies ending support.

But, it's your money to waste. I just hate to see
people exposed to such fearmongering nonsense who
might not know enough to ignore it.

The other day I saw an "analysis" from Gartner
at the Register that says companies need to start
updating their Windows versions now if they're
still on Win7. In some cases it might even be a bit
late for Win8. They should instead start planning
for the non-existent Win9!
So I guess there are damn lies and business analysts.

The whole thing is driven by profits and greed, not actual customer NEEDS.

BillW50 wrote:

On 8/15/2014 10:17 AM, Stef wrote:
BillW50 wrote:

On 8/14/2014 1:04 PM, Stef wrote:
tonita wrote:

I have a Dell Insprion 600m running xp since brand new. It finally died.
I have all the original disks that came with the computer and wonder
if I can fix it.

Pretty old. 8+ years or so? Things do wear out.

Are you sure? My first two laptops (a Epson PX-8 and a Sharp PC4501) I
ever owned from the 80's are still running just like new. The batteries
are long dead, but they run fine from the AC.

No, I'm not. That's why in the next paragraph which you snipped I asked
the OP to qualify what he meant by "finally died."

I know and I clipped it because I saw it as being irrelevant to the
belief that electronics do wear out.

Belief? Fact. And there are millions of electonic techs out
there making very good livings fixing (or replacing) those
broken/worn out/failed/degraded/whateveryouwanttocallit
solid-state parts. I've even replaced a few myself.

But, in general, yes. things do wear out, or fail, for one reason or
another. And two examples of very old laptops that haven't, doesn't
mean they won't eventually, or that many others haven't already.

The whole idea behind solid state components is there are no moving
parts and thus never wear out. Of course they still can have failures
due to one reason or another. But I think you will be surprised how long
some of this stuff will last. I wouldn't be surprised if some will last
hundreds if not thousands of years from now. :-)

Never wear out? Great idea. So far, just a concept. The reality of it
has yet to be achieved. I doubt it ever will. Nothing lasts forever.

Last a 100 or a 1000 years? I wouldn't be surprised, too. I'd be very,
very, very skeptical, bordering on incredulous. ;-)

Stef

Stef wrote:
BillW50 wrote:

On 8/15/2014 10:17 AM, Stef wrote:
BillW50 wrote:

On 8/14/2014 1:04 PM, Stef wrote:
tonita wrote:

I have a Dell Insprion 600m running xp since brand new. It finally
died. I have all the original disks that came with the computer
and
wonder
if I can fix it.

Pretty old. 8+ years or so? Things do wear out.

Are you sure? My first two laptops (a Epson PX-8 and a Sharp PC4501) I
ever owned from the 80's are still running just like new. The batteries
are long dead, but they run fine from the AC.

No, I'm not. That's why in the next paragraph which you snipped I asked
the OP to qualify what he meant by "finally died."

I know and I clipped it because I saw it as being irrelevant to the
belief that electronics do wear out.

Belief? Fact. And there are millions of electonic techs out
there making very good livings fixing (or replacing) those
broken/worn out/failed/degraded/whateveryouwanttocallit
solid-state parts. I've even replaced a few myself.

But, in general, yes. things do wear out, or fail, for one reason or
another. And two examples of very old laptops that haven't, doesn't
mean they won't eventually, or that many others haven't already.

The whole idea behind solid state components is there are no moving
parts and thus never wear out. Of course they still can have failures
due to one reason or another. But I think you will be surprised how long
some of this stuff will last. I wouldn't be surprised if some will last
hundreds if not thousands of years from now. :-)

Never wear out? Great idea. So far, just a concept. The reality of it
has yet to be achieved. I doubt it ever will. Nothing lasts forever.

Last a 100 or a 1000 years? I wouldn't be surprised, too. I'd be very,
very, very skeptical, bordering on incredulous. ;-)

Stef

Solid state components don't generally "wear out", except that some diodes,
transistors, and IC's might eventually develop failures over an extended
time due to surface and other manufacturing defects. Electrolytic
capacitors, lamps, motors, switches, etc, are a different ballgame, however
(but they're not solid state). The lifetime problem of those components is
simply due to their mechanical or chemical nature. Resistors have no such
problem. :-)

wrote:
On Sat, 16 Aug 2014 17:03:39 -0400, "David H. Lipman"
wrote:

From: "BillW50"

On 8/16/2014 1:24 PM, David H. Lipman wrote:
From: "J. P. Gilliver (John)"

snip

What part of "Buy a new computer" didn't you understand? (Though in
this case I think it's an over-drastic response to what is probably
just a corrupted file.)

Maybe but since it isn't a new platform and WinXP is a dead OS, it is a
good impetus to move on to Win 7.

XP is dead? It still works like it always did. Oh you mean by Microsoft
stopped providing updates? That doesn't mean anything, this one hasn't
had
any updates for 8 years now. Firefox still updates, Thunderbird still
updates, and Avast is still updating definitions. And all of my
applications still works. So how is that dead?

By the way I also have Windows 7, 8, and 8.1U1 machines and XP is still
my
favorite. Trust me, it is far from being dead.


A 1956 Chevy isn't "dead" either but it's not the car one would commute
to
work with.

Like NT 3.51,NT4, Win2K, Win9x/ME - they have gone by the wayside, XP is
there now as well.

If one expects to use modern software and connect to the Internet, WinXP
is
now contraindicated and well might as well get used to that fact. If one
uses a XP pltform for a dedicated software such as running Quicken for
DOS
v8 and it is not connected to the Internet then go ahead, continue to use
XP.

I still have a W/98 machine connected to the internet. It works fine.
It also talks to my XP machines, something that is far from straight
forward, if possible at all on 7 or 8.
I still wonder why anything is obsolete if the job you are doing with
it doesn't change.

Technically "obsolete" means out of date, and thus perhaps not in common
everyday use. But that doesn't mean it's useless, or necessarily even
undesireable.

I think some people think they need to be on the cutting edge, that's all.

ORr they actually have a bonafide NEED for something the new OS has to offer
that the old one (like XP) can't. And I'd guess the size of that group is
minimal. The remaining majority are given the choice of "take it or leave
it", AND don't expect any product support anymore if you leave it.

Again note this has NOTHING to do with the actual NEEDS of the customer,
except that the customer is effectively being told, "take it or leave it".
And if the business needs continual technical support, well, too bad.

Again, this is driven my Microsoft (or Apple), which is in the *business* of
making new operating systems - and a hefty profit, year after year. Selling
the same old OS year after year doesn't cut it for them.

Bill in Co wrote:
Stef wrote:
BillW50 wrote:

On 8/15/2014 10:17 AM, Stef wrote:
BillW50 wrote:

On 8/14/2014 1:04 PM, Stef wrote:
tonita wrote:

I have a Dell Insprion 600m running xp since brand new. It finally
died. I have all the original disks that came with the computer
and
wonder
if I can fix it.
Pretty old. 8+ years or so? Things do wear out.
Are you sure? My first two laptops (a Epson PX-8 and a Sharp PC4501) I
ever owned from the 80's are still running just like new. The batteries
are long dead, but they run fine from the AC.
No, I'm not. That's why in the next paragraph which you snipped I asked
the OP to qualify what he meant by "finally died."
I know and I clipped it because I saw it as being irrelevant to the
belief that electronics do wear out.
Belief? Fact. And there are millions of electonic techs out
there making very good livings fixing (or replacing) those
broken/worn out/failed/degraded/whateveryouwanttocallit
solid-state parts. I've even replaced a few myself.

But, in general, yes. things do wear out, or fail, for one reason or
another. And two examples of very old laptops that haven't, doesn't
mean they won't eventually, or that many others haven't already.
The whole idea behind solid state components is there are no moving
parts and thus never wear out. Of course they still can have failures
due to one reason or another. But I think you will be surprised how long
some of this stuff will last. I wouldn't be surprised if some will last
hundreds if not thousands of years from now. :-)
Never wear out? Great idea. So far, just a concept. The reality of it
has yet to be achieved. I doubt it ever will. Nothing lasts forever.

Last a 100 or a 1000 years? I wouldn't be surprised, too. I'd be very,
very, very skeptical, bordering on incredulous. ;-)

Stef

Solid state components don't generally "wear out", except that some diodes,
transistors, and IC's might eventually develop failures over an extended
time due to surface and other manufacturing defects. Electrolytic
capacitors, lamps, motors, switches, etc, are a different ballgame, however
(but they're not solid state). The lifetime problem of those components is
simply due to their mechanical or chemical nature. Resistors have no such
problem. :-)

It depends on the operating conditions and the process used.
Electromigration is an issue. The clock speed of my P4 Northwood
gradually dropped during the time I was using it. And there were
a couple reports of a more serious clock rate decline on some
AMD processors. I don't know how significant electromigration
is, with respect to a target of a thousand years of operation.
One of the reasons processors have some "headroom" when they leave
the factory, is to cover parametric shift over lifetime. (One
AMD slide showed this headroom allocation as "500MHz".)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromigration

DRAM failures seem to be different. I've had DRAM fail while
it was stored without bias. It suggests chemical contamination.
DRAM up to and including FPM/EDO, seemed to be better than
the stuff we have today. At one time, I would have been
gung-ho for the "it'll run forever" camp, but the evidence
that is true is no longer there.

So realistically, if you asked how to make a computer last
a thousand years, I'd have to answer "self-repairing circuits".
And then leave the interpretation of that, to your science
fiction imaginations :-)

Paul

From: "Mayayana"

| There are lies, damn lies,m statistics and benchmarks.
|
| I have heard it all before with Win9x/ME.

You've heard what all before? That an OS might
not be over the hill just because Microsoft wants
to sell you something new? Or that Microsoft themselves
admit their newest product isn't their safest?

I've certainly heard Mcrosoft
misinformation before. When Win98 was going out
of support there were suddenly lots of articles
online about how dangerous Win98 was. Those
articles pointed to a study by a company called
AssetMetrix. It turned out the "study" was basically
just a fancy PDF saying that Win98 wasn't safe
because support was ending. But the media lapdogs
were happy to run the press release for Microsoft.
It also turned out that AssetMetrix was a company
that specialized in updating business computers.
So the study basically said that people should give
them more business. Then awhile later Microsoft
bought AssetMetrix. It's questionable whether they
were even a real company. I'd guess it was probably
a dummy corporation.

It seems like common sense to me that one would
use a tool for as long as it's relevant. Personally I
don't find XP irrelevant yet. Online security is the
least of my worries. The only reason Microsoft support
ending makes a difference is that it might lead to
other companies ending support.

But, it's your money to waste. I just hate to see
people exposed to such fearmongering nonsense who
might not know enough to ignore it.

The other day I saw an "analysis" from Gartner
at the Register that says companies need to start
updating their Windows versions now if they're
still on Win7. In some cases it might even be a bit
late for Win8. They should instead start planning
for the non-existent Win9!
So I guess there are damn lies and business analysts.


Except Windows is not a tool. It is a System of Systems. It is a complex
machine and not a simple tool.

Simple tools are fulcrums, hammers, pulleys, etc. Comparably; notepad,
calc, Wordpad, Paint, etc.

--
Dave
Multi-AV Scanning Tool - http://multi-av.thespykiller.co.uk
http://www.pctipp.ch/downloads/dl/35905.asp

From:


This was just a poor analogy
If you want to compare to a 56 Chevy you would be talking to a
"computer" with gears in it that uses punch cards.

Maybe an 8086 DOS box if you want to stay in the PC world.

A more valid comparison would be to a 2008 Chevy and that is still a
reasonable commuter car. I am driving a 97 Prelude and a 2000 Sport
Trak. They haven't broken often enough to worry about parts but when
they have, Napa had everything I needed.

BTW I have had problems finding socket 7 boards that work well so I
finally bought real MP3 players for my cars but I still prefer
MPXPLAY under DOS in the car
The problem is that newer platforms will not handle the Florida heat
like a 166 mz P1.

Actually, it is a very gor analogy. I have been comparing Automobiles and
Computing Platforms for a number of years because both are a System of
Systems and thus can be modeled the same and both suffer from Chaos.

My car has a REN VES. During SuperStorm Sandy's aftermath, I enjoyed
watching Charlie Wilson's War as I waited on gas lines. It plays MPS, CD
audio and DVD video, satelite broadcasts, I can hook up external; game
units, video cameras, VCRs, audio and video players, etc. When I want to
hear the Grateful Dead I can choose them and listen to 120 songs in
alphabetical order.

When I had my '64 Plymouth Belvidere, I had to pull out a button and then
push it in to set a station on its AM radio. Now I just touch the screen.

That AM radio went obsolete. The radio was just one system of many systems
in my Belvidere just like the REN VES is one system of many systems in my
Dodge Grand Caravan SE.

--
Dave
Multi-AV Scanning Tool - http://multi-av.thespykiller.co.uk
http://www.pctipp.ch/downloads/dl/35905.asp

| Except Windows is not a tool. It is a System of Systems. It is a complex
| machine and not a simple tool.
|
| Simple tools are fulcrums, hammers, pulleys, etc. Comparably; notepad,
| calc, Wordpad, Paint, etc.
|

I'm afraid you're fishing for logic to support an untenable
point, implying that Windows shouldn't be used for as
long as it's useful because it's not a simple tool. My
pan is a tool so my stove can't be? The pulley on
a clothesline is a tool so the clothesline can't be? You're
just not making sense. For me Windows is a tool. It might
also be considered an entertainment device, a typewriter,
or even a sex aid. I'm sure that with the right USB device it
could make a dandy dildo. So what? Where's the sense in
throwing it out while it's still useful?

You don't know anything about how Tonita uses their
computer. The question was how to fix it. Buying a new
one might be a good idea. Or it might not. One thing certain
is that an XP computer is not suddenly dangerous because
Microsoft has stopped issuing patches for it. (Actually
this week it's Win7 that's dangerous, if you're in the habit
of trusting Microsoft patches.)

I have no reason to think you're a Microsoft shill, but I
have to say that your distinctive appearance of logic
without any actual application of logic is very typical
of Microsoft shills. They all seem to be trained in the
knack of sounding coherent and technical while they
explain with great authority that up is down and down
is up.

I actually have a Win7 PC myself that was given to me.
It's a Dell hotrod with dual CPU. Something like 6 GHz.
I use it occasionally to test software and keep it in
the spare room in case guests want to check their email.
Maybe someday I'll use it. For now I'd rather use XP. It's
cleaner, less bloated and it doesn't get in my way. And
I have no doubt that I'm safer online than you are using
Win7.

In message ,
writes:
[]
That is true. In fact most solid state consonants actually fail
because of surges, ESD, heat etc,
That could happen the first day you own it.

Vacuum vowels, however, can last for decades if no-one drops them.
--
J. P. Gilliver. UMRA: 1960/1985 MB++G()AL-IS-Ch++(p)Ar@T+H+Sh0!:`)DNAf

.... at resorts so exclusive that even the tide struggles to get in - Kathy
Lette in RT 2014/1/11-17

From: "Mayayana"

| Except Windows is not a tool. It is a System of Systems. It is a
complex
| machine and not a simple tool.
|
| Simple tools are fulcrums, hammers, pulleys, etc. Comparably; notepad,
| calc, Wordpad, Paint, etc.
|

I'm afraid you're fishing for logic to support an untenable
point, implying that Windows shouldn't be used for as
long as it's useful because it's not a simple tool. My
pan is a tool so my stove can't be? The pulley on
a clothesline is a tool so the clothesline can't be? You're
just not making sense. For me Windows is a tool. It might
also be considered an entertainment device, a typewriter,
or even a sex aid. I'm sure that with the right USB device it
could make a dandy dildo. So what? Where's the sense in
throwing it out while it's still useful?

You don't know anything about how Tonita uses their
computer. The question was how to fix it. Buying a new
one might be a good idea. Or it might not. One thing certain
is that an XP computer is not suddenly dangerous because
Microsoft has stopped issuing patches for it. (Actually
this week it's Win7 that's dangerous, if you're in the habit
of trusting Microsoft patches.)

I have no reason to think you're a Microsoft shill, but I
have to say that your distinctive appearance of logic
without any actual application of logic is very typical
of Microsoft shills. They all seem to be trained in the
knack of sounding coherent and technical while they
explain with great authority that up is down and down
is up.

I actually have a Win7 PC myself that was given to me.
It's a Dell hotrod with dual CPU. Something like 6 GHz.
I use it occasionally to test software and keep it in
the spare room in case guests want to check their email.
Maybe someday I'll use it. For now I'd rather use XP. It's
cleaner, less bloated and it doesn't get in my way. And
I have no doubt that I'm safer online than you are using
Win7.


I'm sorry, you just don't "get it".
Look under the bonnet of your auto. Look at how many simple tools combine
to make more complex tools. Those more complex tools are sub-systems to the
auto. The auto is a system of systems.

If you fail to maintain a sub-system of the auto then it can cause chaos in
the whole system. Depending on what that might e the chaos may exhibit
itself in areas that were not expected.

Don't change the oil or have proper air inflation and see what chaos that
will cause. Low air in a tire may not exibit itself and one may assume all
is OK with the system. That is until you round a sharp coner and a higher
rate of speed.

As we move away from 4/8/'14 we also move away from a routine maintenance
routine. Updates and fixes are not unlike keeping the fuel injectors clean,
keeping the oild clean and making sure the tires are properly inflated.

As we move away from 4/8/'14 we will see more and more components having
issue beacuse Microsoft no longer supports the OS. When we reach 4/18/'15
we will see other vendors doing likewise.

There are consequences to the action of using an unsupported OS in a
regular, production, mode.

As I stated earlier in this thread, "...since it isn't a new platform and
WinXP is a dead OS, it is a good
impetus to move on to Win 7."



--
Dave
Multi-AV Scanning Tool - http://multi-av.thespykiller.co.uk
http://www.pctipp.ch/downloads/dl/35905.asp

From: "J. P. Gilliver (John)"

In message ,
writes:
[]
That is true. In fact most solid state consonants actually fail
because of surges, ESD, heat etc,
That could happen the first day you own it.

Vacuum vowels, however, can last for decades if no-one drops them.

I presume you mean Vacuum Valves. Valves is an early name for Triode Vacuum
Tubes. There is a finite life of any vacuum tube based upon the teperature
of the flimate or plate around it as it "boils off" electrons. Also
mechanical vibrations can affect a vacuum tube and can cause a premature
failure.

--
Dave
Multi-AV Scanning Tool - http://multi-av.thespykiller.co.uk
http://www.pctipp.ch/downloads/dl/35905.asp